A systematic review of trends in photobiomodulation in dentistry between 2018 and 2022: advances and investigative agenda.

Background: Photobiomodulation (PBM) involves laser therapy utilized in medical sciences to modulate biological processes acting as a palliative and immune response-enhancing treatment. This study conducts a comprehensive bibliometric analysis to explore current trends in PBM-related scientific production, encompassing publications, citations, impact, keywords and clusters. Additionally, it aims to predict future research trends in this domain. Methods: The data for this quantitative and qualitative bibliometric analysis were obtained from 608 scientific documents retrieved in November 2022, with 123 sourced from Web of Science and 485 from Scopus, Utilizing Excel, the data was processed in Excel to extract essencial information. Productivity and impact were evaluated for eligibility, and VOSviewer aided in determining associativity for the bibliometric analysis. Results: The findings of this study demostrate that the scientific production related to PBM adheres to a growth power law, exhibiting characteristics of both exponential and linear phases. Notably, recent research trends emphasize critical concepts such as laser therapy, orthodontics, and dental pulp stem cells. Particularly significant is the burgeoning interest in utilizing PBM within dentistry as a complementary alternative to existing protocols. Conclusions: PBM stands as a promising laser therapy within medical applications. Through a detailed bibliometric analysis, this study underscores the increasing significance of PBM, especially within the realm of dental treatments. These insights offer a glimpse into the evolving landscape of PBM research and provide valuable guidance for potential future directions of study.

Rugosidad en la superficie de ceramicas feldespaticas, empleando dos tipos de agente grabador / Surface roughness of feldsphatic ceramic, employing two etch agents

Determinar la mayor rugosidad producida en la superficie de la cer mica feldesp tica, empleando dos tipos de agente grabador. Material y m‚todos. Estudio experimental propiamente dicho. Se fabricaron 30 discos de porcelana feldesp tica IPS Classic (Ivoclar Vivadent) con 10 mm de di metro y 2 mm de espesor, los cuales fueron separados en dos grupos, seg£n el tipo de tratamiento que recibir¡an: a) grabados con  cido fluorh¡drico al 9% por 60 segundos y b) grabados con  cido ortofosf¢rico al 37% por 120 segundos. Luego, las muestras fueron llevadas a un perfil¢metro para evaluar cuantitativamente la rugosidad de superficie producida. Resultados. La rugosidad de superficie promedio en las cer micas feldesp ticas grabadas con  cido fluorh¡drico al 9% fue mayor en comparaci¢n al  cido orto fosf¢rico al 37%. Conclusiones. El  cido fluorh¡drico al 9%, produce mayor rugosidad en la superficie de las cer micas feldesp ticas en comparaci¢n al  cido fosf¢rico al 37%.

To determine the greater roughness produced on the surface of the feldspathic ceramic, using two types of etch agents. Material and methods. Experimental study itself. 30 discs of feldspathic porcelain IPS Classic (Ivoclar Vivadent) with 10 mm diameter and 2 mm thickness separated into two groups according to the type of treatment received were produced: a) recorded with hydrofluoric acid to 9% for 60 seconds b) recorded with ortho phosphoric acid 37% for 120 seconds. Then, samples were taken to a profilometer to quantitatively evaluate the surface roughness produced. Results. The results showed that the average surface roughness in the feldspar ceramics etched with hydrofluoric acid was 9% higher compared to the ortho-phosphoric acid at 37%. Conclusions. Hydrofluoric acid 9%, produces higher surface roughness of the feldspar ceramics compared to 37% phosphoric acid.

Distribución de tensiones mediante el análisis de elementos finitos en dientes restaurados directa e indirectamente después de un tratamiento endodóntico / Distribution of strains by finite elemental analysis in directly and indirectly restored teeth after endodontic treament

Objetivo: determinar la técnica restauradora que ofrece la mejor distribución de tensiones en dientes tratados endodónticamente, mediante el análisis de elementos finitos. Material y método: se desarrolló el diseño o modelado de un premolar superior 3D en el programa CosmosWorks para el análisis de elementos finitos, en el cual se simuló una cavidad MOD para luego diseñarse las restauraciones. El análisis se realizó en el programa SolidWorks (SW). Sobre el modelo se aplicaron fuerzas verticales y oblicuas con respecto a la superficie, para poder observar el comportamiento de las tensiones creadas. Resultados: los tres grupos presentaron una distribución de tensiones uniforme pero con picos de tensión en las siguientes zonas: Grupo Nº 1 (grupo control), en la punta de cúspide vestibular y palatina, en la cresta marginal distal y mesial, además a nivel de la unión amelocementaria. El Grupo Nº 2 (restaurado con técnica directa), en las crestas marginales, la unión amelocementaria y el borde superior de cavidad, en la resina a nivel del borde superior de la cara palatina y a nivel de los bordes externos de vestibular y distal. El Grupo Nº 3 (restaurado con técnica indirecta), en la cara vestibular (tercio mesial y medio), en la cara palatina y distal (tercio oclusal y cervical), en la cara oclusal (cresta marginal mesial y la cresta triangular palatina) y en la parte superior de la pared vestibular de la cavidad MOD. Conclusiones: la técnica de restauración directa genera una mejor distribución de tensiones a lo largo de todo el diente, en la resina compuesta y en la interface diente-resina, en comparación con la técnica indirecta.

Objective: to determine the restorative technique that provides better distribution of stresses in endodontically treated teeth for finite element analysis. Material and methods: we developed the design or modeling of a 3D upper premolar in agenda for COSMOSWorks finite element analysis, which simulated an MOD cavity, and the restorations were created. The analysis was performed in the program SolidWorks (SW), on the model was applied forces in vertical and oblique to the surface, to observe the behavior of the tensions exerted by these forces. Results: the findings from this study demonstrate that the three groups presented a uniform distribution of tensión but with peaks of tensión in the following areas: Group No. 1 (control group) at the tip of buccal cusp and palate in the mesial and distal marginal ridge, also at the level of unión enamel-cement. Group No. 2 (restored by direct technique), marginal ridges, and the unión enamel-cement the upper cavity in the resin at the top edge of the palatal side and at the outer edges of vestibular an distal. The Group No. 3 (restored by indirect technique) on the vestibular side (mesial third and a half) on the face and palatal distal (third occlusal and cervical), in occlusal view (mesial marginal ridge triangular ridge and palate) and the top of the bucal cavity wall MOD. Conclusions: the results of tests, including two restoration techniques directly and indirectly show that the first generates a better distribution of stres throughout the tooth, the composite and the tooth-composite resin interface.

Comportamiento in vitro de la dureza en dos resinas compuestas, expuestas en peróxido de carbamida al 10% con carbopol / Behaviour in vitro of the hardness in two composite resins exposed in carbamide peroxide at 10% of carbopol

Objetivo: determinar in vitro la dureza de dos resinas compuestas expuestas ante un agente blanqueador. Material y método: el estudio se realizó en la Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú. Se formaron cuatro grupos, realizando una evaluación pretest, para posteriormente hacer una sola aplicación; para verificar la dureza se hizo una evaluación postest para cada grupo y todas las comparaciones posibles. Se trabajó con dos resinas compuestas (Synergy Duo Shade y Z250), expuestas al Peróxido de Carbamida al 10% con carbopol (agente blanqueador), mediante la Prueba de Dureza Vickers. Resultados: en la comparación de los grupos experimentales de ambas resinas compuestas, se realizaron las pruebas de normalidad, obteniendo en la prueba no paramétrica (U de Mann Whitney) una variación en la probabilidad, siendo p=0,000<0,05, lo que determina que existe diferencia significativa entre las muestras. Conclusiones: la resina compuesta Z250 presenta mayor dureza frente a la Synergy Duo Shade.

Introduction: to determine the hardness in vitro of in two composite resins exposed in whitening element. Material and Method: The present study was realized at the Pontificia Católica del Perú University. Four groups were formed. A previous test was accomplished before doing an only application. For verifying the hardness; another test next to the previous one was done for each group and all the possible comparisons. The study was done with two composite resin (Synergy Duo Shade and Z250); exposed in carbamide peroxide at 10 percent of carbopol (whitening element), according to the vickers meter test. Results: In the comparison of the experimental groups of both composite resins, a normality test was done, gaining in the non parameter proof a variation in probability. We obtained p=0,000<0.05; therefore; it is a meaningful difference between the samples. Conclusions: The composite resin of Z250 shows a greater hardness opposite to the Synergy Duo Shade.